No capability in this domain is set out yet.
Critical Technology
Structural & Composite Materials
The capacity to design, produce and qualify structural materials, advanced composites, alloys and protective armour systems, that carry load, save weight and withstand extremes across aerospace, defence and industry.
29 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Functional Materials & Coatings
The capacity to engineer materials and surfaces that do something, respond, adapt, protect, sense or heal, from stimulus-responsive materials to multifunctional engineered coatings.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Nanomaterials & Metamaterials
The capacity to engineer matter at the nanoscale and to design materials whose structure, not their chemistry, gives them properties nature does not supply.
29 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Superconducting, Magnetic & Photonic Materials
The capacity to produce the superconducting, magnetic and photonic materials that underpin high-field magnets, quantum and fusion machines, power systems and photonics.
40 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Energetic Materials
The capacity to research, formulate and produce energetic materials, propellant and explosives chemistry, at the quality and scale national programmes require.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Additive & Precision Manufacturing
The capacity to make parts that could not be made before and to finish them to tolerances that decide performance: additive manufacturing and high-precision production technology.
64 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Advanced Chemical & Process Manufacturing
The capacity to design and run advanced chemical and process manufacturing, continuous-flow synthesis, process intensification and the scale-up technology that turns laboratory chemistry into industrial supply.
21 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Batteries & Energy Storage
The capacity to develop and produce electrochemical and electrical energy storage, cell chemistries, capacitive storage and the manufacturing technology behind them, at the frontier of density, safety and cost.
34 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Hydrogen, Ammonia & Sustainable Fuels
The capacity to produce, carry and use hydrogen, ammonia and sustainable fuels, electrolysis, synthesis, storage and end use, as energy carriers at national scale.
52 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Next-Generation Solar & Renewables
The capacity to advance next-generation solar and renewable generation technology, new cell architectures, conversion frontiers and the manufacturing processes that set cost and efficiency.
44 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Advanced Nuclear & Fusion
The capacity to design, build and fuel advanced nuclear systems, next-generation and small modular reactors, fusion, and the fuel-cycle and waste technologies that sustain them.
53 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Directed Energy Technologies
The capacity to master directed energy, high-energy lasers, high-power microwaves and the beam control, power and thermal technologies behind them.
39 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Semiconductor Design & EDA
The capacity to design leading-edge semiconductors and to command the design layer itself, electronic design automation, intellectual-property cores and verification, on which all design depends.
15 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Advanced Semiconductor Fabrication
The capacity to fabricate semiconductors at or near the leading edge: the process technology, yield mastery and production know-how of advanced nodes.
41 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Semiconductor Equipment & Materials
The capacity to build the machines and supply the materials that make chipmaking possible: lithography, deposition, etch and metrology equipment, photoresists, wafers and speciality chemicals and gases.
37 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Advanced Packaging & Heterogeneous Integration
The capacity to assemble, package and integrate semiconductors at the frontier: advanced packaging, chiplet architectures and heterogeneous integration, where system performance is increasingly won.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Compound & Power Semiconductors
The capacity to develop and produce compound, wide-bandgap and power semiconductors, the device families that carry power electronics, radio frequency and extreme environments.
21 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
High-Performance & AI Computing
The capacity to build and operate computing at the frontier: supercomputing, AI training and inference at scale, and the accelerator and system architectures that deliver them.
22 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Machine Learning & Foundation Models
The capacity to train, tune and field machine learning at the frontier, foundation and general-purpose models, and the model families across language, vision and science built on them.
49 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Applied AI & Advanced Analytics
The capacity to apply AI and advanced analytics across the economy and the state, turning models and data into decisions, products and services at scale.
21 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
AI Safety, Security & Evaluation
The capacity to evaluate, secure and align AI systems: testing and evaluation, robustness against attack and misuse, and the standing institutions that assess frontier models.
30 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Quantum Computing
The capacity to build and operate quantum computers, hardware platforms, error correction, and the algorithms and software that will extract advantage from them.
39 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Quantum Communication
The capacity to communicate with quantum states, quantum key distribution, quantum networks and the path toward quantum-secure links at national scale.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Quantum Sensing & Metrology
The capacity to measure the world at quantum precision, sensing, timing and metrology beyond classical limits, for navigation, detection and science.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Post-Quantum Cryptography
The capacity to develop, standardise and migrate to cryptography that withstands quantum attack, the algorithms, the implementations and the national transition of systems that must stay secret for decades.
38 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Advanced Optical Communication & Photonics
The capacity to advance optical communication and photonics, fibre systems, free-space optics and the photonic components that set the speed and capacity of networks.
29 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Advanced Wireless Communication
The capacity to lead in advanced wireless, current and next-generation mobile systems, non-terrestrial networks and the radio technologies and standards positions that shape them.
33 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Resilient & Infrastructure-Independent Networks
The capacity to communicate when infrastructure fails or is denied: mesh and self-organising networks, undersea and hostile-environment communication, and links that need no fixed network.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Protective Cybersecurity Technologies
The capacity to develop the technologies that protect systems and data, defensive tooling, secure architectures, detection and response technology, and the security engineering beneath them.
55 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Privacy, Identity & Trust Technologies
The capacity to establish digital trust: privacy-enhancing technologies, digital identity, cryptographic and distributed systems of record, and the technologies that let strangers transact and states verify.
26 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Precision Timing & Atomic Clocks
The capacity to keep and distribute time at precision, atomic clocks, timing networks and the national time base on which navigation, communications, finance and power all silently depend.
52 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Resilient Positioning & Navigation
The capacity to navigate when satellites cannot be trusted: inertial systems, gravitational and magnetic-field navigation, and the alternative positioning technologies that work under denial.
32 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Advanced Imaging & Photonic Sensing
The capacity to see beyond the visible: multispectral and hyperspectral imaging, photonic sensing and the electro-optical technologies that turn light into information.
27 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Radar & Radiofrequency Sensing
The capacity to sense with radio: radar across bands and apertures, passive radio-frequency sensing, and the detection technologies that find what moves, including the fastest things that fly.
40 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Acoustic & Undersea Sensing
The capacity to sense with sound: sonar, acoustic arrays and the undersea sensing technologies on which undersea warfare, seabed awareness and ocean science all rest.
50 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Advanced Robotics
The capacity to design and manufacture advanced robots, manipulation, locomotion, industrial and humanoid platforms, and the actuation and control technology beneath them.
35 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Autonomous Systems & Trusted Autonomy
The capacity to make machines decide: autonomy software, perception and planning, assurance and certification, and the trusted-autonomy technology that lets systems act without a hand on them.
39 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Uncrewed & Collaborative Systems
The capacity to build uncrewed systems at scale and make them work together: air, ground, surface and underwater platforms, swarming, and the production ecosystems that turn designs into mass.
26 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Human-Machine Interfaces
The capacity to join humans and machines: brain-computer and neural interfaces, augmented and immersive interaction, and the human-performance technologies at the boundary of person and system.
4 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Genomics & Biological Data
The capacity to read and hold biology at national scale: sequencing, genomic analysis and the biological datasets that are becoming strategic assets in their own right.
59 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Synthetic Biology & Genetic Engineering
The capacity to write biology: engineering organisms and biological systems, gene editing, design tools and the platform technologies that turn biology into an engineering discipline.
58 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Biomanufacturing
The capacity to make with biology: fermentation, cell and gene production platforms, vaccine and biologics manufacture, and the bioprocess technology that turns biological designs into supply.
21 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Nuclear Medicine & Radioisotope Technologies
The capacity to produce and apply medical radioisotopes and radiation technologies, isotope supply, radiopharmaceuticals, and the therapy and imaging systems that depend on a fragile global chain.
43 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Advanced Therapeutics, Vaccines & Medical Countermeasures
The capacity to develop and field advanced therapeutics, vaccines and medical countermeasures, new modalities, antimicrobials, and the development-at-speed capability that pandemics and biological threats demand.
53 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Space Launch & Reusable Systems
The capacity to build launch systems and make them reusable, vehicles, engines and the launch-cost frontier that reusability moved.
31 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Advanced Propulsion & Hypersonic Systems
The capacity to propel flight at the frontier: advanced air-breathing and rocket propulsion, hypersonic flight technologies, and the propulsion systems that decide speed, range and endurance in air, sea and space.
43 developmentsCapability Brief →
Critical Technology
Satellite & Constellation Technologies
The capacity to design and produce spacecraft: satellite buses and payloads, constellation architectures, in-orbit servicing, and the manufacturing technology that turned satellites from artisanal to serial.
42 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Mining & Quarrying
Mining and quarrying covers the extraction of solid minerals and materials from the earth, including open-pit and underground mines, quarries and mineral sands operations, together with on-site crushing and concentration.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Oil & Gas Extraction
Oil and gas extraction covers upstream hydrocarbon production, including onshore and offshore fields, wells, production platforms, floating production vessels and field-level gathering and separation systems.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Processing & Refining
Processing and refining transform raw extracted materials into refined commodities through facilities such as oil refineries, gas processing plants, smelters and mineral beneficiation plants.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Storage, Transport & Export
Storage, transport and export covers the systems that store and move bulk commodities to market, including transmission pipelines, slurry pipelines and conveyors, tank farms, LNG liquefaction and export terminals, and crude loading facilities.
21 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Irrigation & Agricultural Water
Irrigation and agricultural water covers the infrastructure that supplies and manages water for agricultural production, including irrigation schemes, scheme headworks, primary and secondary canals, agricultural drainage and on-scheme storage.
42 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Livestock & Veterinary
Livestock and veterinary infrastructure covers facilities supporting animal production and health, including abattoirs, livestock markets and saleyards, quarantine stations, dip and vaccination facilities, and veterinary laboratories and clinics.
17 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Fisheries & Aquaculture
Fisheries and aquaculture infrastructure covers fishing harbours and landing sites, fish markets and auction halls, aquaculture farms and hatcheries, and associated ice plants and cold stores.
41 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Storage, Cold Chain & Markets
Storage, cold chain and markets covers post-harvest and food-system infrastructure, including grain silos and strategic food reserves, warehouse receipt facilities, cold storage, food and grocery distribution centres and wholesale food markets.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Thermal Generation
Thermal generation refers to the production of electricity from the combustion of fossil fuels, including coal-fired, gas-fired and liquid-fuelled power stations and co-generation plants.
1 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Nuclear Generation
Nuclear generation covers nuclear power reactors together with research reactors.
38 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Nuclear Fuel Cycle & Radioactive Waste
Nuclear fuel cycle and radioactive waste covers the facilities that supply and close the nuclear fuel cycle, including uranium conversion, enrichment and fuel fabrication plants, reprocessing facilities, interim spent fuel stores and geological disposal facilities.
21 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Hydropower
Hydropower covers the generation of electricity from water, including conventional powerhouses, run-of-river and small hydro schemes, and pumped-storage plants.
34 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Renewable Generation
Renewable generation covers electricity production from renewable sources other than hydropower, including solar photovoltaic and concentrated solar plants, onshore and offshore wind farms, geothermal stations, and biomass and biogas plants.
25 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Transmission & Distribution
Transmission and distribution carry high-voltage electricity from generation plants over long distances and deliver it at usable voltages to consumers, through lines, substations, transformers and cross-border interconnectors.
44 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
System Control & Dispatch
System control and dispatch covers the control infrastructure that operates the power system in real time, including national and regional control centres, load despatch centres, energy management and SCADA systems, and the balancing and market dispatch functions they carry.
3 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Storage & Fuel Supply
Storage and fuel supply covers systems that store energy and supply fuels to the domestic energy system, including utility-scale batteries, hydrogen production and storage, LNG regasification terminals, strategic reserves, fuel depots, gas distribution networks and retail fuel and charging points.
22 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Dams, Reservoirs & Flood Defence
Dams, reservoirs and flood defence covers large water control and storage structures, including dams, barrages, raw-water reservoirs, levees, sea walls and urban stormwater systems.
19 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Water Supply & Treatment
Water supply and treatment covers the abstraction, treatment and distribution of drinking and bulk water, including treatment works, service reservoirs, water towers, boreholes and rural water points.
3 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Bulk Water Transfer & Desalination
Bulk water transfer and desalination covers the large-scale conveyance and manufacture of water, including inter-basin transfer schemes, bulk transmission pipelines and tunnels, major pumping stations, and seawater and brackish water desalination plants including those coupled to power generation.
36 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Wastewater & Sanitation
Wastewater and sanitation covers the collection and treatment of wastewater and faecal sludge, including treatment plants, sewer networks, pumping stations and public sanitation facilities.
14 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Solid Waste & Recycling
Solid waste and recycling covers the collection, processing and disposal of solid waste, including landfills and dumpsites, transfer stations, material recovery and recycling facilities, composting plants, hazardous waste facilities and incinerators, including waste-to-energy plants.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Materials & Inputs
Materials and inputs covers the production of industrial materials and inputs, including cement works, industrial minerals and downstream metal products such as rolled and fabricated steel.
25 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Chemicals & Hazardous Process Industry
Chemicals and hazardous process industry covers the production and handling of chemicals and hazardous substances, including chemical and petrochemical plants, fertiliser plants, industrial and medical gases, industrial explosives plants, and upper-tier major-hazard establishments whose criticality arises from the dependence of other sectors upon them.
21 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Production Systems
Production systems covers the factories and assembly plants that produce finished goods across sectors, including automotive, electronics and semiconductor fabrication, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and food and beverage manufacturing.
59 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Supply Chain & Ecosystem
Supply chain and ecosystem covers the shared industrial fabric that connects producers, including industrial parks, special economic zones, supplier clusters and manufacturing-oriented warehousing.
37 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Workforce & Innovation
Workforce and innovation in advanced manufacturing highlights the importance of skilled labour and a culture of innovation for maintaining competitiveness in the manufacturing sector.
31 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Seaports & Terminals
Seaports and terminals covers the commercial trade gateways of the maritime system, including seaports and their container, roll-on roll-off, dry-bulk, liquid-bulk and general-cargo terminals, cruise terminals, shipyards and dry docks.
35 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Air Infrastructure
Air infrastructure encompasses airports, airfields, heliports and related facilities that enable air transport, including runways, terminals, cargo facilities and civil aviation maintenance hangars.
40 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Air Navigation & Traffic Management
Air navigation and traffic management covers the services and facilities that control aircraft in flight, including area and approach control centres, oceanic control, en-route radar and surveillance networks, navigation aids and aeronautical communication systems.
5 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Inland Waterways & Ferries
Inland waterways and ferries covers river and lake transport infrastructure, including inland ports, jetties, locks, navigation channels and ferry terminals.
2 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Rail Infrastructure
Rail infrastructure covers railway lines, stations, marshalling yards, depots and signalling, including mainline, heavy-haul, metro and light rail systems.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Roads & Bridges
Roads and bridges covers the strategic road network and its major fixed assets, including highways and trunk roads, major bridges, tunnels, interchanges, toll plazas and bus rapid transit corridors.
39 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Logistics, Multimodal & Border Infrastructure
Logistics, multimodal and border infrastructure covers the facilities that connect transport modes and cross borders, including dry ports, inland container depots, freight terminals, logistics parks, bonded warehouses and one-stop border posts.
23 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Postal & Parcel
Postal and parcel covers the national postal and express delivery estate, including mail and parcel sorting centres, distribution depots, post office networks and the last-mile delivery systems that in many states also carry social payments and government correspondence.
19 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Subsea Cables & International Gateways
Subsea cables and international gateways covers international connectivity infrastructure, including submarine cable systems and their landing stations, cross-border terrestrial fibre links, international gateway facilities, and commercial satellite gateways and teleports.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Core & Backbone Networks
Core and backbone networks covers fixed and interconnection infrastructure, including national and metropolitan fibre routes, long-haul microwave links, exchanges, fixed access networks and internet exchange points.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Mobile & Wireless Networks
Mobile and wireless networks covers cellular and wireless access infrastructure, including towers and masts, base stations, small cells, rooftop sites and public wireless access.
10 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Spectrum & Broadcasting
Spectrum and broadcasting covers terrestrial broadcast transmission and spectrum management infrastructure, including television and radio transmitter sites, digital terrestrial television networks and spectrum monitoring stations.
23 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Data Centres, Compute & Cloud
Data centres, compute and cloud comprises the physical and virtual facilities that store, process and distribute data, including colocation and hyperscale data centres, cloud regions and edge nodes, high-performance computing centres, AI training clusters, and national cybersecurity facilities such as CERTs, security operations centres and cyber ranges.
33 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Data Resources
Data resources refer to the large collections of data and the frameworks for managing and utilising data as strategic assets, including national datasets and registries, data governance frameworks, and national domain name infrastructure such as country-code top-level domain registries.
26 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
AI Tools & Applications
AI tools and applications are software and systems that leverage artificial intelligence techniques to perform tasks such as analysis, prediction, automation and decision-making across domains.
64 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Currency & Reserves
Currency and reserves covers the physical infrastructure of base money, including central bank facilities, mints and banknote printing works, cash centres and vaults, and reserve storage.
18 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Payments & Settlement Systems
Payments and settlement systems covers the infrastructure through which money moves, including real-time gross settlement systems, national payment switches, automated clearing houses, card and instant payment schemes, and mobile-money platforms.
1 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Markets, Exchanges & Depositories
Markets, exchanges and depositories covers capital market infrastructure, including stock and commodity exchanges, central securities depositories, central counterparties and trade repositories.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Banks, Insurers & Systemic Institutions
Banks, insurers and systemic institutions covers the financial institutions themselves rather than the rails and venues they use, including systemically important banks, insurers, pension and social insurance funds, sovereign wealth and development finance institutions, and deposit guarantee bodies.
21 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Health Infrastructure
Health infrastructure includes the facilities, equipment and organisational structures that deliver healthcare services, including hospitals, clinics, health posts, specialist centres, emergency departments and pharmacies.
33 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Public Health & Laboratories
Public health and laboratories covers population health protection infrastructure, including national public health institutes, reference and diagnostic laboratory networks, high-containment and biosafety laboratories, disease surveillance systems and quarantine facilities.
10 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Medical Supply & Stockpiles
Medical supply and stockpiles covers the logistics of health rather than its delivery, including blood and plasma collection and fractionation, national medical and vaccine stockpiles, cold chain for biologics, pharmaceutical distribution centres and central medical stores.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Education & Skills Infrastructure
Education and skills infrastructure encompasses the institutions and facilities that provide education and skills development, including schools, universities and technical and vocational training centres.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Research & Scientific Facilities
Research and scientific facilities covers major civil research infrastructure operated for science rather than for industry or defence, including synchrotrons and light sources, particle and heavy-ion accelerators, fusion devices, research reactors, national supercomputing centres, astronomical observatories and polar and oceanographic research stations.
8 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Housing, Community & Social Services
Housing, community and social services infrastructure comprises public and affordable housing, community facilities and the support systems for social services that improve social welfare and quality of life.
80 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Government & Public Administration
Government and public administration infrastructure includes the facilities and systems through which the state governs, including parliaments and legislatures, ministries and government headquarters, provincial and local government offices, national archives and civil registration facilities, election infrastructure and the diplomatic estate.
29 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Cultural, Community & Recreational Infrastructure
Cultural, community and recreational infrastructure includes museums, libraries, theatres, parks, stadiums, community centres, convention centres and public markets that support cultural life, recreation and community cohesion.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Justice & Corrections
Justice and corrections covers the estate through which law is administered and enforced through the courts, including supreme and constitutional courts, court complexes, prosecution services, prisons and detention facilities, and forensic science laboratories.
5 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Emergency Services & Civil Protection
Emergency services and civil protection covers first response and crisis management, including police stations and command centres, fire and rescue stations, ambulance and emergency medical stations, emergency call and dispatch centres, disaster management and emergency operations centres, search and rescue services and civil coastguard facilities.
2 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Hydrometeorology & Early Warning
Hydrometeorology and early warning covers the monitoring and alerting infrastructure that anticipates hazard, including weather radar networks, meteorological and hydrological observing stations, seismic and tsunami monitoring networks, volcanic observatories and public warning and alerting systems.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
R&D & Testing Facilities
R&D and testing facilities covers laboratories and test infrastructure for aerospace and defence research and development, including wind tunnels, engine test stands, thermal-vacuum chambers, materials laboratories and defence research and test establishments.
46 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Manufacturing Facilities
Manufacturing facilities covers the industrial sites that produce aerospace and defence systems, including aircraft, satellite and launcher factories, assembly, integration and test cleanrooms, specialised component plants, and weapons and munitions production facilities.
41 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Launch, Maintenance & Support
Launch, maintenance and support covers spaceports, launch pads and integration facilities at the launch site, flight-test and launch ranges, tracking and range-safety systems, and support services for launch operations.
30 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Satellites & Orbital Systems
Satellites and orbital systems covers spacecraft on orbit, including communications, Earth observation, navigation and scientific satellites, constellations, hosted payloads and space station modules.
26 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Ground Segment & Tracking
Ground segment and tracking covers the ground infrastructure that operates spacecraft, including telemetry, tracking and command stations, mission control centres, satellite data receiving stations, space situational awareness sensors and geodetic reference networks.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Strategic Infrastructure
Military Bases & Installations
Military bases and installations covers the defence estate, including army, naval and air bases, barracks, training areas, munitions and fuel depots, and radar and early-warning sites.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Standing Force Generation & Training
The capacity to recruit, train and hold at readiness the standing professional force across the services.
23 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Reserve & Mobilisation Systems
The capacity to expand the force at need: trained reserves, the machinery to call them and the ability to regenerate formations under pressure.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Territorial & Paramilitary Forces
The capacity to hold organised force beyond the regular military: gendarmeries, national guards, territorial defence and internal security troops usable in support of military operations.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Imagery & Geospatial Intelligence
The capacity to collect and exploit imagery and geospatial information about security-related activity on and above the surface of the earth.
21 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Signals & Cyber Intelligence
The capacity to collect intelligence from communications, electronic emissions and computer networks.
35 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Technical & Measurement Intelligence
The capacity to detect, measure and characterise the technical signatures of weapons, systems and activities.
27 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Open-Source & Financial Intelligence
The capacity to derive intelligence from publicly available information and from financial flows.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Human Intelligence & Counterintelligence
The capacity to collect intelligence from human sources and to detect and defeat the intelligence activities of others.
27 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
All-Source Analysis & Warning
The capacity to fuse collection into assessment, warn of what is coming and put decision-grade judgement in front of the state.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Command, Control & Communications
The capacity to decide and direct: national and joint command arrangements, resilient communications and the battle networks that turn sensing into action.
5 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Strategic Lift & Mobility
The capacity to move forces and materiel at strategic distance and sustain the bridge, by air, sea and land.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Expeditionary & Peace Operations
The capacity to deploy and sustain forces beyond the border on combat, stabilisation, peace-support and disaster-relief operations.
6 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Operational Sustainment & War Reserves
The capacity to keep a force fighting: theatre logistics, maintenance and repair, medical support and the munitions and materiel depth to endure.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Defence Industrial Mobilisation
The capacity to surge, adapt and field: expand production under pressure, mobilise industry and move new systems from design to the force at speed.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
CBRN Defence
The capacity to protect the force and the population against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear hazards: detection, protection, decontamination and medical countermeasures.
23 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Combined Arms Manoeuvre
The capacity to combine infantry, armour, engineers and enablers into formations that can take and hold ground under fire.
35 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Land Fires
The capacity to deliver and direct land-based fires at depth: guns, rockets, tactical missiles and the sensor-to-shooter web that makes them count.
72 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Battlefield Aviation & Uncrewed Systems
The capacity to operate the air layer of the land battle: rotary-wing aviation and the uncrewed systems that now carry reconnaissance, strike and logistics at the front.
24 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Special Operations & Irregular Warfare
The capacity to conduct special operations and to wage and counter irregular warfare, including operating through partners and proxies.
53 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Maritime Security & Constabulary
The capacity to know and police national waters: maritime domain awareness, coast guard and law-enforcement presence, and protection of offshore and undersea infrastructure.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Sea Denial & Undersea Warfare
The capacity to make the sea unusable to an adversary, without requiring command of it oneself: submarines, mines, coastal missiles, uncrewed vessels and the undersea fight.
76 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Sea Control
The capacity to command the sea for one's own use: surface action, carrier and naval aviation, fleet air defence and the protection of sea lanes.
41 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Amphibious & Expeditionary Operations
The capacity to project force from the sea onto land: amphibious assault, littoral manoeuvre and the marine forces that conduct them.
71 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Air Sovereignty & Policing
The capacity to watch and police national airspace in peacetime: surveillance, quick reaction alert, intercept and identification.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Control of the Air
The capacity to win and hold control of the air where and when it is needed, including the suppression of enemy air defences.
26 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Air Strike & Interdiction
The capacity to strike from the air at operational depth: interdiction, close air support and the tactical strike complex.
4 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Airborne ISR, Early Warning & Battle Management
The capacity to see the air battle and direct it from the air: early warning and control aircraft, airborne battle management and the sensing layer that turns aircraft into air power.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Long-Range Strike
The capacity to strike at strategic range with conventional means: ballistic, cruise and hypersonic missiles, bombers and deep-strike uncrewed systems, and the targeting complex behind them.
44 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Integrated Air & Missile Defence
The capacity to defend against the high-end air and missile threat, aircraft, ballistic, cruise and hypersonic, as one integrated, multi-tier system.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Counter-Uncrewed & Low-Altitude Defence
The capacity to defeat the cheap and the many at low altitude, uncrewed systems, rockets, artillery and mortars, in defence of forces, sites and the public.
51 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Assured Space Access
The capacity to place and replace payloads on orbit at need, through national, allied or commercial launch.
40 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Space Support to Operations
The capacity to deliver space services to the force: positioning, navigation and timing, satellite communications, missile warning and orbital reconnaissance, from national, allied and commercial constellations.
33 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Space Domain Awareness & Control
The capacity to know what is on orbit, protect one's own use of it and, at need, deny an adversary theirs.
42 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Defensive Cyber Operations
The capacity to defend national networks and systems: detect, withstand, respond and recover, across military, government and critical services.
24 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Offensive Cyber Operations
The capacity to create effects through networks, disrupt, degrade, deny and destroy, integrated with operations in every other environment.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Electronic Warfare & Spectrum Operations
The capacity to sense, protect and attack across the electromagnetic spectrum: jamming, deception, protection and spectrum management as an operational arm.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Nuclear Command, Control & Communications
The capacity to command the deterrent: warning, decision, authorisation and communication that function under any conditions, and the doctrine that governs use.
57 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Nuclear Forces
The capacity to hold an adversary at risk with survivable nuclear forces: the deployed triad or dyad and the warheads they deliver.
61 developmentsCapability Brief →
National Security
Stockpile Stewardship & Sustainment
The capacity to keep the deterrent credible over decades: stewardship of the stockpile, the science and skills behind it, and the programme management of its renewal.
60 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Child Health & Nutrition
The capacity to bring every child to school age alive, well nourished and developmentally on track.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Early Learning & School Readiness
The capacity to provide early learning to every child and deliver them to school ready to learn.
8 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Universal Schooling
The capacity to enrol every child and carry them through to the completion of secondary school.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Foundational Learning
The capacity to impart literacy, numeracy and the core competencies on which all later formation depends.
26 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Inclusive Reach
The capacity to extend schooling and learning of equal quality to every group and region, whatever a child's background.
28 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Teaching Workforce
The capacity to attract, develop, deploy and retain an effective teaching profession.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Tertiary Access & Participation
The capacity to open tertiary education to a broad share of each generation and of the adult population.
21 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Graduate Formation & Employability
The capacity to carry entrants through to graduation and deliver them into work or further study.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Doctoral & Research Training
The capacity to train researchers to doctoral level across the fields the nation needs.
48 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Occupational Skills & Certification
The capacity to form occupational skills through institution-based provision and certify them in credentials employers trust.
23 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Work-Based Learning
The capacity to form skills inside the workplace through apprenticeships, placements and structured on-the-job training.
45 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Foundational Digital Skills
The capacity to bring the whole adult population to basic digital competence.
34 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Advanced Digital & AI Skills
The capacity to develop a sufficient corps of specialists in advanced digital technologies, data and AI.
62 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Adult Learning
The capacity of adults to keep learning across life, from foundation skills in literacy and numeracy to new fields, and of the system to provide for them.
31 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Employer-Provided Training
The capacity of employers to train and deepen the skills of the people they employ.
32 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Workforce Reskilling at Scale
The capacity to retrain workers at scale when structural change, from AI to the energy transition, moves the ground beneath them.
24 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Research Workforce
The capacity to build and hold a research workforce across fields, from new doctorates to established investigators.
30 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Talent Attraction & Retention
The capacity to attract skilled people from abroad, hold the skilled people already here and win the international contest for talent.
6 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Knowledge Production
The capacity to produce research at the frontier, in volume and at a quality the world cites.
47 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Physical Health & Longevity
The capacity of the population to live long lives in good physical health.
23 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Mental Health & Wellbeing
The capacity of the population to live in good mental health, and to be reached when they are not.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Nutrition & Preventive Health
The capacity to keep the population well before it is unwell: nutrition, physical activity, immunisation and the health literacy to sustain them.
23 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Health & Care Workforce
The capacity to train, deploy and retain the health and care workforce, from doctors and nurses to aged, disability and early childhood care.
26 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Service Delivery & Coverage
The capacity to deliver health care to the whole population, whoever and wherever they are.
46 developmentsCapability Brief →
Human Capital
Public Health Functions
The capacity to prevent, detect and assess threats to the population's health: surveillance, epidemiology, risk assessment and trusted public health advice.
35 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Diplomatic Network & Consular Reach
The capacity to be present everywhere that matters: the global network of missions, the foreign service behind it and the consular machinery that protects citizens abroad.
23 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Multilateral Leadership & Norm Setting
The capacity to lead within the institutions and shape the rules they write: leadership posts held, processes chaired, funding weight carried and norms carried from proposal to adoption.
32 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Agenda-Setting & Convening
The capacity to make the world discuss what the nation proposes: initiatives launched and sustained, summits and processes hosted, coalitions convened around the nation's questions.
64 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Mediation & Crisis Diplomacy
The capacity to stand between others: standing mediation and good-offices machinery, facilitation of processes others cannot host and the trusted-intermediary position that only accumulates.
18 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Alliance & Treaty Networks
The capacity to hold binding commitments: mutual-defence treaties, alliance memberships in good standing, partnership agreements and the coalition leadership that turns a network into weight.
14 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Security Cooperation & Defence Diplomacy
The capacity to cooperate on security every day: training and exercises with partners, attaché networks, security assistance and the arms-transfer relationships through which defence ties are built.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Development Cooperation & Finance
The capacity to fund and shape development abroad: assistance agencies, development finance deployed as statecraft and the programme machinery that sustains relationships over decades.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Humanitarian Assistance & Response Abroad
The capacity to respond to others' disasters: deployable civilian teams, humanitarian funding at speed and the logistics of arriving first with help that works.
1 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Cultural & Language Institutes
The capacity to teach the nation to the world: institute networks, language programmes and the standing people-to-people machinery that makes a culture learnable from anywhere.
25 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Creative Industries & Cultural Export Reach
The capacity to be watched, heard and read abroad: the promotion machinery behind film, music, publishing, fashion and games, and the penetration their content achieves in other people's living rooms.
29 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Heritage & Cultural Institutions
The capacity to hold and share the inheritance: inscription and stewardship machinery, museums and collections of world standing and the heritage diplomacy, including restitution, through which the past does present work.
29 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Education Diplomacy & Alumni Networks
The capacity to form the world's future leaders and keep them: flagship scholarships, exchange programmes and the alumni machinery that turns a degree into a lifelong relationship.
23 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Sports & Major Events
The capacity to take and hold the world's stage: hosting capability for the great events, sporting systems that win on it and the event diplomacy that converts spectacle into standing.
70 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Diaspora Engagement & Institutions
The capacity to organise the nation abroad: dedicated ministries, agencies and standing programmes that register, serve, mobilise and keep faith with citizens and communities of origin worldwide.
46 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Diaspora Knowledge Networks & Circulation
The capacity to circulate talent home without demanding return: expert networks, mentoring and investment circuits and the programmes that turn brain drain into brain circulation.
13 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Strategic Communications & Public Diplomacy
The capacity to speak to the world on purpose: campaign machinery, public diplomacy programmes and the coordination that keeps a government's many voices telling one story.
22 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
International Media & Broadcasting
The capacity to reach the world's audiences directly: international broadcasters, multilingual services and the platform-era presence through which the nation's outlets are seen and heard abroad.
53 developmentsCapability Brief →
Information & Influence
Information Defence & Counter-Interference
The capacity to defend the information space: standing psychological-defence and counter-interference machinery, attribution and response capability, and the media-literacy programmes that harden the population itself.
49 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Electoral Management & Integrity
The capacity to run elections that hold: an electoral management body with independence and competence, registration and results machinery that works under pressure, and dispute resolution that settles outcomes rather than igniting them.
14 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Legislature & Deliberative Institutions
The capacity to deliberate and constrain: a legislature with the committees, analytical support and scrutiny powers to make law well and hold the executive to account.
4 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Citizen Participation & Civic Space
The capacity to keep participation open between elections: consultation and petition machinery, associational freedom in practice and the civic space in which citizens organise, volunteer and dissent.
24 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Judicial Independence & Court Capability
The capacity to decide on law alone: courts with the independence, competence and throughput to resolve disputes impartially and in time for the resolution to matter.
44 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Access to Justice & Legal Services
The capacity to open the courts to everyone: legal aid and assistance machinery, simplified procedure where it belongs and the reach that closes the gap between having a right and using it.
27 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Fundamental Rights Protection
The capacity to hold rights under pressure: the constitutional and legal frameworks, remedies and enforcement practice that keep expression, assembly, belief and equal treatment real rather than recited.
37 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Human Rights Institutions & Equality Bodies
The capacity to watch the watchers: accredited national human-rights institutions, ombudsman offices and equality bodies with the independence, mandate and teeth to pursue fairness against the state itself.
29 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Policing & Law Enforcement
The capacity to police by consent or lose the capacity to police at all: forces with the reach, competence, accountability and community standing to prevent and respond to crime.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Criminal Justice & Corrections
The capacity to run the chain from charge to release: prosecution services, criminal courts and corrections systems that punish lawfully, protect the public and return people better than they came.
16 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Organised Crime & Illicit Economy Response
The capacity to fight networks rather than incidents: standing units, intelligence-led operations, asset recovery and the cross-border cooperation that organised crime forces on every state.
18 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Regulatory Quality & Better Regulation
The capacity to make rules well: impact assessment, consultation, post-implementation review and the stock management that keeps the statute book coherent across every domain of national life.
24 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Regulatory Delivery & Independent Regulators
The capacity to apply the rules as written: sector regulators and inspectorates with independence, competence and proportionate enforcement, so that the law on the books is the law in force.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Strategic Controls & Economic Security Administration
The capacity to administer the controls of the security age: export-control licensing, investment screening, sanctions designation and research-security machinery run with the competence, speed and due process of a mature tax administration.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Centre of Government & Policy Coordination
The capacity to steer the state: a centre that coordinates across ministries, drives priorities to delivery and turns decisions into implementation rather than announcements.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Civil Service & Public Workforce
The capacity to staff the state on merit: recruitment, development and renewal of a professional public workforce that survives political turnover and improves between crises.
46 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Digital Government & Service Delivery
The capacity to deliver the state's work through channels people can actually use: digital services, one-stop platforms and the delivery machinery that carries every domain's services to citizens and firms.
27 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Legal Identity & Civil Registration
The capacity to know who exists: civil registration of births and deaths, legal identity for every person and the foundational registries on which every entitlement, election and protection stands.
46 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Statistical & Data Capability
The capacity of the state to know its own country: an independent national statistical system, sound data governance and the measurement base on which every other capability's indicators, and this framework itself, depend.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Anti-Corruption Institutions & Enforcement
The capacity to investigate and convict the powerful: anti-corruption bodies with mandate, independence and resources, and the enforcement record that makes the mandate real.
28 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Public Sector Ethics & Integrity Systems
The capacity to prevent corruption before it needs punishing: asset declarations, conflict-of-interest management, lobbying transparency and political-finance regulation run as one integrity system.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Right to Information & Open Government
The capacity to open the state: information law that works in practice, proactive disclosure and open data through which the government's actions can be seen without asking twice.
53 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Independent Oversight & Supreme Audit
The capacity to audit the state independently: a supreme audit institution with mandate, access and follow-through, and the wider oversight web that turns findings into consequences.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Independent Media & Journalist Safety
The capacity to sustain media that hold power to account: legal protection for reporting, safety mechanisms for journalists and the conditions in which public-interest media survive commercially and politically.
58 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
National Risk Assessment & Early Warning
The capacity to see shock coming: a standing all-hazards national risk picture, the warning systems built on it and the honesty to publish what the assessment finds.
1 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Crisis Leadership & Coordination
The capacity to command a crisis: standing whole-of-government crisis machinery, clear authority when the sirens sound and the exercises that make the first real activation the hundredth rehearsal.
35 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Civil Protection & Emergency Management
The capacity to protect the population: response services at scale, shelter and warning for civilians, and the whole-of-society preparedness, guidance to every household, trained volunteers, civil obligations where chosen, of the new civil-defence era.
39 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Social Protection & Household Resilience
The capacity to cushion households when shock arrives: safety nets that exist before the crisis, scale in it and reach the informal economy, so that national shocks do not become family catastrophes.
4 developmentsCapability Brief →
Governance & Integrity
Recovery, Continuity & Adaptation
The capacity to come back stronger: continuity of government and essential functions through disruption, recovery machinery that rebuilds better and the adaptation planning that retires risks instead of rescheduling them.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Monetary Policy & Price Stability
The capacity to conduct independent, credible monetary policy that anchors prices and expectations through the institution, mandate, instruments and communication that constitute the monetary authority.
48 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Exchange Rate & External Account Management
The capacity to choose, operate and defend the currency's external regime, from intervention capacity to the management of the external accounts the regime must serve.
31 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Currency Issuance & Digital Money
The capacity to issue and evolve the currency itself: the cash cycle, fast payment instruments and central bank digital money, the frontier on which monetary sovereignty is now contested.
10 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Revenue Mobilisation & Tax Administration
The capacity to raise the state's revenue: tax policy capability and the administration that collects, from registration and filing through compliance, enforcement and the taxation of the cross-border economy under the emerging global minimum settlement.
11 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Public Expenditure & Budget Management
The capacity to plan, execute and account for public spending: credible budgets, controlled execution, procurement capability and the reporting that closes the loop.
11 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Sovereign Debt & Treasury Management
The capacity to borrow soundly and manage the sovereign balance sheet: issuance capability, market development, maturity and currency structure, and the treasury operations that keep the state liquid.
36 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Public Investment Management
The capacity to appraise, select, fund and deliver public investment, the machinery that turns fiscal space into assets that work.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Banking System Capacity
The capacity to intermediate savings into credit at national scale: a banking system with the reach, funding, competition and competence to finance households and firms.
45 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Capital Markets Depth & Development
The capacity to raise capital through markets: equity and debt markets with the depth, liquidity and institutional quality to fund firms and the sovereign at scale.
28 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Long-Term & Institutional Capital
The capacity to pool and allocate patient capital: pension systems, insurance and the institutional asset base that funds long horizons and deepens every other market.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Financial Inclusion & Household Access
The capacity to extend useful, affordable financial services to the whole population: accounts, payments, credit, savings and insurance within reach of every household and small firm.
43 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Development & Policy Finance
The capacity to direct long-horizon credit at public purpose: national development banks and policy-finance instruments that fund infrastructure, enterprise and transition where private markets will not.
22 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Prudential Regulation & Supervision
The capacity to keep financial institutions sound: the regulatory frameworks, supervisory intensity and corrective powers that constrain risk before it becomes loss.
22 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Financial Integrity & Illicit Finance Control
The capacity to police the flows: anti-money-laundering and counter-financing machinery, beneficial ownership transparency and the enforcement capability that makes financial sanctions bite.
27 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Market Conduct & Consumer Protection
The capacity to keep markets honest for their users: conduct supervision, disclosure regimes and the protection machinery that sustains trust in the system.
24 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Payment & Market Infrastructure Oversight
The capacity to oversee the plumbing: the supervision of payment, clearing and settlement systems whose failure would be a national event.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Macroprudential & Systemic Oversight
The capacity to see systemic risk build and lean against it: surveillance, stress testing and the countercyclical and borrower-based tools that act on the system as a whole.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Crisis Management, Resolution & Deposit Insurance
The capacity to manage financial failure: emergency liquidity, resolution regimes that can close or restructure institutions in a weekend, and the deposit protection that keeps failure from becoming panic.
39 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
External Liquidity & Financial Safety Nets
The capacity to command foreign liquidity under stress: reserve adequacy, swap arrangements, regional financing arrangements and access to the global safety net, layered so the nation is never illiquid in someone else's currency.
41 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Official Reserves Management
The capacity to accumulate, manage and deploy official reserves: the sovereign's foreign assets held at the scale, composition and readiness its exposures demand.
37 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Sovereign Wealth & Public Asset Management
The capacity to accumulate and invest sovereign capital across generations: wealth funds, public pension reserves and the professional management of the state's financial assets.
35 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Currency Internationalisation & Reserve Status
The capacity to have the nation's currency held, invoiced and settled beyond its borders, the deepest form of financial power because it makes others' transactions run through one's own money.
45 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
Capital Account & Flow Management
The capacity to open, sequence and where necessary manage the capital account: openness as a governed choice, with the measures and monitoring to hold it through volatility.
27 developmentsCapability Brief →
Financial Strength
International Financial Centre Capability
The capacity to host the world's intermediation: the legal certainty, market ecosystem, talent pool and time-zone position that make a jurisdiction a place global finance must pass through.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Productive Scale & Market Size
The capacity to generate output at a scale that becomes gravity: a home market whose size funds fixed costs, anchors supply chains and gives access to it strategic value.
43 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Productivity Growth & Allocative Efficiency
The capacity to raise output per unit of everything: the reform machinery, standing productivity institutions and reallocation of resources toward their best use that compound into long-run growth.
28 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Employment & Labour Force Participation
The capacity to put the whole population to work: activation of women, older workers, youth and the excluded, so the economy runs on all of its people rather than some of them.
1 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Labour Market Institutions & Wage Setting
The capacity to govern the terms of work: wage-setting machinery, collective bargaining architecture and employment protection calibrated to both security and adjustment.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Employment Services & Skills Matching
The capacity to match people to work: public employment services, active labour programmes and the matching infrastructure that shortens the distance between a vacancy and the person who can fill it.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Labour Adjustment, Transition & Formalisation
The capacity to move workers well: adjustment support for the displaced, managed transitions through industrial change and the formalisation machinery that brings informal work into the visible economy.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Manufacturing & Advanced Industry
The capacity to manufacture at scale and at the frontier: the industrial base, its automation and process sophistication, and the capability to make the products the era contests.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Foundational & Process Industries
The capacity to run the industrial commons: steel, cement, chemicals, refining and the process industries every other sector stands on.
27 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Agrifood & Primary Production
The capacity to feed and supply from the land and sea: agricultural productivity, food and fibre processing and the primary sectors that remain the economic base of much of the world.
12 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Services Economy
The capacity to produce services at scale and rising productivity: the finance, ICT, professional, health, education and visitor sectors that constitute most of most economies.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Economic Complexity & Capability Breadth
The capacity to make what few others can make: the accumulated productive knowledge, read through the sophistication and rarity of what the economy produces and exports.
60 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Economic Diversification
The capacity to broaden the productive base beyond incumbent sectors and commodities: the strategies, funds and delivery machinery that build the next economy before the current one fades.
32 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Regional & Place-Based Development
The capacity to develop the whole territory: the machinery that lifts lagging regions, spreads productive capability beyond the primary city and holds the national economy together spatially.
6 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Entrepreneurship & Firm Creation
The capacity to make starting easy and common: formation machinery, founder frameworks and the conditions under which new firms appear at rates that renew the economy.
49 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Risk Capital & Scale-Up Finance
The capacity to fund ambition: venture and growth capital depth, public co-investment machinery and the financing ladder that carries firms from formation to scale without leaving the country to do it.
48 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Firm Growth, Exit & Renewal
The capacity to grow firms to scale and recycle failure fast: scale-up conditions, insolvency machinery that returns resources to use, and the churn that keeps the firm population young.
36 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Competition & Market Contestability
The capacity to keep markets open to challengers: competition authorities with teeth, merger control, and the product-market conditions that let the better firm win.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Business Innovation Capability
The capacity of firms to innovate: new products, processes and business models introduced across the enterprise population, funded by business research and measured where innovation actually happens.
43 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Research Commercialisation & Knowledge Transfer
The capacity to turn research into enterprise: transfer offices, licensing, spinout formation and the standing bridges between the research base and the firms that carry its results to market.
32 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Intellectual Property & Intangible Assets
The capacity to create, protect and monetise intangibles: examination-grade intellectual-property machinery, intangible investment across the economy and the receipts that flow when the world pays to use what the nation invented.
47 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Innovation Ecosystems & Clusters
The capacity to concentrate innovation in places and networks: the clusters, precincts and dense collaborative webs where firms, researchers and capital compound each other.
21 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Digital Economy Adoption
The capacity to put digital technology to work across the whole economy: firms and households in actual use, from basic tools to data-driven operations and machine intelligence.
31 developmentsCapability Brief →
Production & Innovation
Industrial Technology Diffusion
The capacity to carry technology from the frontier to the long tail: extension services, applied institutes and the diffusion machinery that closes the gap between the best firms and the rest.
24 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Customs & Border Management
The capacity to clear trade fast and clean: single-window machinery, trusted-trader programmes, risk-based inspection and the border administration that makes speed and control compatible.
30 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Maritime & Logistics Services
The capacity to carry the nation's trade: merchant fleets and registries, port and terminal operators at home and abroad, and the freight and logistics providers that constitute a services economy in their own right.
34 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Trade Policy & Negotiation Capability
The capacity to design and negotiate trade policy: the standing ministries, analytical depth and negotiating benches that turn national interest into terms.
52 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Market Access & Agreements Network
The capacity to hold open the world's markets: the negotiated network of agreements, measured by the share of trade it covers and the depth of what it secures.
28 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Trade Law & Enforcement
The capacity to enforce the terms: remedy administration, dispute capability in international fora and the compliance machinery that defends the nation's traders and holds others to the rules.
52 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Standards, Conformity & Quality Infrastructure
The capacity to prove that products conform: metrology, standards bodies, accreditation and certification, the quality infrastructure without which exports cannot enter regulated markets.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Services Trade Capability
The capacity to export services across every mode of supply: from cross-border delivery to commercial presence and the movement of professionals, education exports included.
23 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Digital Trade & E-Commerce
The capacity to trade through platforms: cross-border electronic commerce, the digital agreements that enable it and the platform economy through which small firms reach the world.
71 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Data Flows & Digital Trade Governance
The capacity to move data across borders on the nation's terms: the adequacy arrangements, certification mechanisms and digital-trade rules that keep the intangible economy flowing.
20 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Tourism & Visitor Economy
The capacity to import customers: destination development, access and visa machinery and the visitor economy that ranks among the largest export sectors on earth.
0 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Investment Attraction & Facilitation
The capacity to win mobile capital: promotion agencies, facilitation and aftercare machinery and the investment conditions that make the nation the answer to a site-selection question.
39 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Investment Absorption & Linkages
The capacity to make investment take root: supplier development, linkage programmes and the absorptive conditions that turn foreign presence into domestic capability rather than an enclave.
43 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Outward Investment & Global Corporate Presence
The capacity to project capital and companies abroad: outward investment at scale and the globally significant firms through which national economic presence operates in other people's markets.
46 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Export Promotion & Market Development
The capacity to take the nation's products to world markets: promotion organisations, market intelligence, missions and the standing machinery that turns capable producers into exporters.
23 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Export Credit & Trade Finance
The capacity to finance the contested sale: official export credit, guarantees and trade finance at the scale and terms that decide who wins capital-goods and infrastructure deals worldwide.
3 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Export Quality & Upgrading
The capacity to climb the value ladder: moving the export basket toward more complex, higher-value and harder-to-imitate products, deliberately and continuously.
21 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Value Chain Participation & Integration
The capacity to take part in global production: the two-way integration, sourcing from the world and supplying into it, through which most trade now actually happens.
31 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Value Chain Position & Upgrading
The capacity to hold and improve position within the chains: capturing more of the value added in what the nation exports, and moving toward the stages where the returns concentrate.
30 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Regional Integration & Hub Anchoring
The capacity to anchor into regional production architecture: the deep regional integration through which chains organise, and the hub relationships that decide where the next plant lands.
29 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Strategic Supply Security
The capacity to see, stress-test and diversify critical dependencies: designation regimes for essential products, early-warning and monitoring machinery, and the diversification programmes that act on what the mapping finds.
39 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Concentration Risk & Revenue Stabilisation
The capacity to manage concentrated exposure: stabilisation funds, sovereign hedging programmes and the fiscal rules that turn volatile earnings into steady capability.
23 developmentsCapability Brief →
Trade & Investment
Economic Leverage & Coercion Resistance
The capacity to convert interdependence into weight, and to withstand conversion attempted in return: the asymmetries of dependence, the coordination machinery that reads and responds to coercion, and the demonstrated ability to hold a position under economic pressure.
29 developmentsCapability Brief →