Export Credit & Trade Finance
The capacity to finance the contested sale: official export credit, guarantees and trade finance at the scale and terms that decide who wins capital-goods and infrastructure deals worldwide.
- Indicators
- 3
- Leaders
- 10placeholder ratings
- Like it
- 8capabilities
- Developments
- 3
What Export Credit & Trade Finance is, and how it is measured
The capacity to finance the contested sale: official export credit, guarantees and trade finance at the scale and terms that decide who wins capital-goods and infrastructure deals worldwide.
Indicators
- Official export credit volumes
- Trade finance availability gap
- Export insurance coverage
The nations that lead in Export Credit & Trade Finance
These ratings stand in until the capability is rated.
| # | Nation | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | France | AAA |
| 2 | China | AA |
| 3 | United Kingdom | AA |
| 4 | Israel | A |
| 5 | Australia | A |
| 6 | Singapore | A |
| 7 | Italy | BBB |
| 8 | Finland | BBB |
| 9 | United States | BB |
| 10 | Norway | BB |
The capabilities most like Export Credit & Trade Finance
Likeness, from 0 to 1, as the Atlas measures it.
How Export Credit & Trade Finance came to be
- Geopolitical
- Governance
- Economy
Historical Developments
Oldest first1973–76
The European Council adopted decisions 73/391/EEC and 76/641/EEC on consultation on export credits
Two Council decisions established the European framework for consultation and information exchange among member states on officially supported export credits. They form the legal basis on which EU coordination of export credit policy rests.
1999
The OECD Arrangement harmonised country risk categories and set minimum premium rates
From 1999 the Arrangement on officially supported export credits classified destination countries into harmonised risk categories, with minimum premium rates allocated to each. This created a common price floor for official export credit cover, limiting the scope for members to win deals by underpricing sovereign and country risk.
Recent Developments
Most recent first2011
The European Union made the OECD Arrangement mandatory for EU members under Regulation 1233/2011
Article 1 of Regulation (EU) No. 1233/2011 obliged EU countries to apply the OECD arrangement when providing export credit. This converted a gentlemen's agreement into binding EU law, constraining how member states' export credit agencies may structure terms.